Atypical cutaneous tuberculosis with an unusual course.

Cutaneous tuberculosis represents the fifth extrapulmonary form in Morocco after pleural, lymph node, urogenital, and intestinal tuberculosis. It is recognized to form a continuous immunopathologic spectrum, ranging from a high intensity to a low intensity of cell-mediated immunity, which explains the multiplicity and heterogeneity of anatomo-clinical forms. Association of multiple forms in the same patient is really rare. In this regard, we report a case of scrofuloderma on axillary tuberculosis adenitis associated to a lupus vulgaris in an immunocompetent patient, which was confirmed by histology, QuantiFERON-TB Gold test, and polymerase chain reaction. He received an antituberculous therapy with clinical regression of the lesions. In conclusion, cutaneous tuberculosis is still endemic in developing countries.The diagnosis is difficult because of its clinical polymorphism. That's why it's should be suspected clinically in the presence of any destructive or verrucous skin lesion evolving without healing for a long period and confirmed by bacteriological examinations and histology.

Co-existence of atypical tuberculid with lupus vulgaris.

Cutaneous tuberculosis (CTB) is an uncommon form of extra-pulmonary tuberculosis accounting for ≤2% of mycobacterium tuberculosis cases and is more often reported from developing countries. Tuberculid, a cutaneous hypersensitivity reaction to mycobacteria or its fragments, is a another rare cutaneous manifestation seen in association with tuberculosis of other organ systems including tuberculous lymphadenitis, pulmonary tuberculosis, etc. Co-occurrence of a tuberculid with CTB is extremely rare. Herein we report a childhood case of lupus vulgaris, a type of CTB, associated with an atypical presentation of tuberculid.

The Enemy within-Multifocal Tuberculous Abscesses Complicating Dermatomyositis.

Tuberculosis can present with diverse manifestations, particularly in immunocompromised hosts. Although cold abscesses can complicate spinal tuberculosis, subcutaneous abscesses due to tuberculosis are considerably uncommon and, unlike cold abscesses, necessitate surgical drainage.1 We present an extremely rare case of disseminated tuberculosis in a patient with subcutaneous involvement mimicking cellulitis.

Multifocal cutaneous tuberculosis coexisting with pulmonary tuberculosis.

Tuberculosis (TB) is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and it can affect multiple organ systems. Cutaneous TB, a less common type of extrapulmonary TB can coexist with TB of other organs. Here, we describe a case of multifocal cutaneous TB suggestive of two different morphological types with concomitant miliary pulmonary TB.

Vulvar ulcerative cutaneous tuberculosis secondary to genital tract tuberculosis.

Tuberculosis is a chronic infectious disease that gradually poses a certain threat to public health and economic growth. Tuberculosis typically affects the lungs, pleura, and lymph nodes and rarely the skin. Cutaneous tuberculosis manifesting as ulcerated lesions is also rare and often misdiagnosed and missed by clinicians. Here, the authors report a 29-year-old female patient presenting a vulvar ulcer for 10 months, accompanied by irregular menstruation and increased vaginal secretions. After a skin biopsy and endometrial PCR testing, it was finally diagnosed as vulvar ulcerative cutaneous tuberculosis secondary to genital tuberculosis. Anti-tuberculosis treatment was effective. Cutaneous tuberculosis is called a great imitator. In order to facilitate the diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis by clinicians, the authors systematically reviewed this disease as well.

[Scrofuloderma, cutaneous and pulmonary tuberculosis associated with COVID-19. Report of one case]. / Escrofuloderma: tuberculosis cutánea y pulmonar asociada a coinfección COVID-19. Reporte de caso.

Cutaneous tuberculosis represents 1-1.5% of extrapulmonary tuberculosis, including a variety of clinical conditions. Scrofuloderma and lupus vulgaris are the most common forms. We report a 49-year-old woman who sought medical attention through tele-dermatology concerning a cervical nodule associated with suppuration and cutaneous involvement. The diagnoses of scrofuloderma and pulmonary tuberculosis were confirmed, and during her evolution she presented a coinfection with SARS-CoV-2. The possible associations between tuberculosis and COVID-19 were reviewed.

Coexistence of tuberculous chancre on a chronic nonhealing wound and bilateral submandibular scrofuloderma.

Cutaneous tuberculosis is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis with varied clinical features depending on the dissemination route and host immune status. Scrofuloderma is a type of cutaneous tuberculosis that often occurs in locations where there is an infected lymph node or bone underneath, whereas tuberculous chancre often appears in sites that are prone to trauma. Although several cases have been reported, the coexistence of more than one type of cutaneous tuberculosis is very rare. We report a 21-year-old immunocompetent male with a chronic nonhealing lesion on the left tibia followed by bilateral purulent ulcers on the submandibular area. Acid-fast bacilli examination was positive for M. tuberculosis, and the patient was diagnosed with tuberculous chancre and scrofuloderma, respectively. This case showed the importance of high clinical suspicion of cutaneous tuberculosis and the possibility of the coexistence of more than one type of cutaneous tuberculosis in order to avoid misdiagnosis and delay in treatment.

Escrofuloderma: tuberculosis cutánea y pulmonar asociada a coinfección COVID-19: reporte de caso / Scrofuloderma, cutaneous and pulmonary tuberculosis associated with COVID-19: report of one case

Cutaneous tuberculosis represents 1-1.5% of extrapulmonary tuberculosis, including a variety of clinical conditions. Scrofuloderma and lupus vulgaris are the most common forms. We report a 49-year-old woman who sought medical attention through tele-dermatology concerning a cervical nodule associated with suppuration and cutaneous involvement. The diagnoses of scrofuloderma and pulmonary tuberculosis were confirmed, and during her evolution she presented a coinfection with SARS-CoV-2. The possible associations between tuberculosis and COVID-19 were reviewed.

Unilateral lymphoedema of lower limb: an unusual presenting feature of hidden tuberculosis verrucosa cutis of foot.

A 42-year-old Indian farmer presented with gradually progressive swelling of the right lower limb for the last 20 years. There were few verrucous plaques over the right foot for the same duration. Those plaques were initially ignored and mistaken as lymphoedema-induced secondary changes by primary care physicians. Histopathology of the skin lesion showed pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia with upper dermal granulomatous infiltrate and a diagnosis of tuberculosis verrucosa cutis was suspected. Subsequently, the lesions as well as lymphoedema improved significantly with antitubercular therapy.

Multiple subcutaneous tuberculous abscesses in a dermatomyositis patient without pulmonary tuberculosis: a case report and literature review.

BACKGROUND: Even though remarkable progress for diagnostics of pulmonary TB has been made, it is still a challenge to establish a definitive diagnosis for extrapulmonary TB (EPTB) in clinical practice. Among all the presentations of EPTB, cold abscesses are unusual and deceptive, which are often reported in the chest wall and spine. Subcutaneous abscess in the connective tissue of limbs is extremely rare. CASE PRESENTATION: A 48-year-old man with dermatomyositis was hospitalized because of multiple subcutaneous tuberculous abscesses in his limbs, but without pulmonary tuberculosis. Particularly, one insidious abscess appeared during anti-TB treatment due to "paradoxical reaction". After routine anti-TB therapy, local puncture drainage and surgical resection, the patient was cured and discharged. CONCLUSIONS: Tuberculous infection should be kept in mind for the subcutaneous abscess of immunocompromised patients, even without previous TB history. Treatment strategy depends on the suppurating progress of abscess lesions. Meanwhile, complication of newly-developed insidious abscess during treatment should be vigilant.

Nail Dystrophy due to Tuberculosis / Distrofia ungueal causada por tuberculosis

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Lichenoid granulomatous dermatitis as a tuberculid in association with spondylitis due to Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Lichenoid granulomatous dermatitis (LGD) is a histopathologic pattern with a band-like lymphocytic infiltrate, typical of lichenoid dermatitis, combined with dermal histiocytes and granulomatous inflammation. Prior reports have described cases of LGD caused by non-tuberculous mycobacteria, with evidence of intralesional acid-fast bacilli or mycobacterial DNA. Herein, we report a patient with pulmonary and extrapulmonary Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection who developed LGD. No evidence of M. tuberculosis was detected within the cutaneous lesions, suggesting a potential delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction to tuberculosis.

Atypical Variant of Cutaneous Tuberculosis Presentation in an Adult HIV-Infected Patient in an Emergency Department in Haiti.

The incidence of tuberculosis (TB) has increased in the 21st century due to a high prevalence of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and multidrug-resistant (MDR) pulmonary TB. HIV infection, diabetes mellitus, and other immune deficiencies decrease cure rates, increase mortality, and increase the incidence of MDR pulmonary TB. Tuberculosis is the most virulent opportunistic pathogen worldwide for patients living with HIV. This case documents rare clinical manifestation of cutaneous tuberculosis (CTB) seen in an emergency department in Gonaives, Haiti. Cutaneous TB can occur either from the spread of TB from an endogenous origin or from the entry of mycobacteria into the skin. The host's immune response to mycobacteria is an important factor. There are several findings that support diagnosis of a tuberculid, including failure to detect mycobacterium TB in stains or cultures of affected tissue, frequent resolution of skin lesions with anti-TB therapy, a strongly positive tuberculin skin test, a positive interferon-γ release assay, presence of an endogenous TB infection, and granulomatous tissue present in histopathology. This case study illustrates the challenges providers face to diagnose a patient with CTB and the many differential diagnoses that must be considered. Once a definitive diagnosis has been made, this article highlights disease course, progression, and treatment plan.

Sporotrichoid presentation of lupus vulgaris mimicking mycetoma.

Most common form of cutaneous tuberculosis (TB) is lupus vulgaris (LV). Atypical presentation of LV is rare and may lead to delay in diagnosis and hence increase in morbidity. Here, we report a case of sporotrichoid form of LV in a 38 year old male who presented as cutaneous lesions mimicking mycetoma. High index of clinical suspicion and relevant investigations play a vital role in confirmation of diagnosis wherever atypical form of cutaneous TB is suspected.

Lymphatic spread in an immunocompetent adult.

Cutaneous tuberculosis with lymphatic spread is rarely described. We report the case of a woman aged 38, immunocompetent, working in a fruit sorting center, who consulted us for ulceration of the left third finger that had persisted for four months, following a prick from a prickly pear. Physical examination revealed a nodular, erythematous, and ulcerative lesion of the left third finger, associated with inflammatory subcutaneous nodules arranged in a line along the ipsilateral upper extremity and an ipsilateral axillary lymph node. Laboratory tests and chest X-ray were normal. Pathological examination revealed granulomatous chronic inflammation without necrosis. PCR detected DNA from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. No extracutaneous tuberculosis locations were detected. A tuberculous chancre by direct inoculation was therefore diagnosed. The patient received quadruple therapy (rifampicin + isoniazid + pyrazinamide + ethambutol) for 2 months, followed by a combination therapy based on isoniazid and rifampicin for 6 months. Marked regression of the cutaneous lesions occurred after 1 month of first-line therapy. A tuberculous chancre is a rare form of cutaneous tuberculosis, with possible lymphatic spread, in immunocompromised patients but also in immunocompetent children and young adults.

Tuberculosis verrucosa cutis presenting with unilateral elephantiasis nostras verrucosa of the left lower limb: A rare entity.

Elephantiasis nostras verrucosa is used to describe lymphedema of the lower limbs caused by a nonfilarial etiology. Infective etiologies include bacterial and fungal infections along with chronic venous stasis, postirradiation, congestive heart failure, obesity, and malignancies, all causes leading to lymphatic obstruction and edema. We herein describe a case of a 70-year-old male who presented with diffuse nonpitting edema of the entire left lower limb with cobblestoning of the surface with a positive Kaposi-Stemmer sign and presence of a verrucous plaque over the left ankle. Histopathology of the verrucous plaque revealed it to be tuberculosis verrucosa cutis (TVC). We report this rare presentation of TVC as a cause of unilateral lymphedema.